Mendel's Inheritance Pattern Simulator
Interactive Punnett square generator for exploring genetic crosses and inheritance patterns
Monohybrid Cross
3:1 Ratio
Genetic Cross Type
Trait Selection
Parent Genotypes
Tt
Tt
Punnett Square
2×2 Grid
Probability Calculations
Phenotypic Ratios
Genotypic Frequencies
Organism Trait Visualization
Parent 1
Parent 2
Expected Offspring Phenotypes
Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
🧬 Law of Segregation
Each parent has two alleles for each trait, which separate during gamete formation. Each gamete receives only one allele per trait.
Demonstrated in: Monohybrid cross (3:1 ratio)
🎲 Law of Independent Assortment
Alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of each other, resulting in new combinations of traits.
Demonstrated in: Dihybrid cross (9:3:3:1 ratio)
👑 Law of Dominance
Some alleles are dominant over others. In heterozygous individuals, only the dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype.
Demonstrated in: F1 generation shows only dominant phenotype
Genetic Terminology
Allele: Alternative forms of a gene (e.g., T or t)
Genotype: Genetic makeup (TT, Tt, or tt)
Phenotype: Observable characteristics (tall or short)
Homozygous: Two identical alleles (TT or tt)
Heterozygous: Two different alleles (Tt)
Dominant: Allele expressed in heterozygous condition
Recessive: Allele only expressed when homozygous
Gamete: Sex cell containing one allele per trait
Test Cross: Cross with homozygous recessive to determine genotype