Carbon Allotropes 3D Models
Interactive 3D visualization of diamond, graphite, and fullerene structures
Physical Properties
Density:
3.52 g/cm³
Hardness:
10 Mohs
Conductivity:
Insulator
Bond Length:
1.54 Å
Hybridization:
sp³
Coordination:
4
Structural Features
Crystal System: Face-centered cubic
Bond Angle: 109.5°
Network: 3D covalent network
Applications
Cutting tools
Jewelry
Industrial abrasives
Heat sinks
Understanding Carbon Allotropes
Diamond (sp³ hybridization)
Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds in a tetrahedral arrangement, creating an extremely hard 3D network structure.
Graphite (sp² hybridization)
Carbon atoms form hexagonal layers with delocalized electrons, allowing electrical conductivity and easy layer sliding.
Fullerene (sp² hybridization)
60 carbon atoms form a cage-like structure resembling a soccer ball, with unique electronic and mechanical properties.
Interaction Controls
Mouse Drag: Rotate the 3D model in any direction
Mouse Wheel: Zoom in and out of the structure
Touch: Drag to rotate, pinch to zoom on mobile devices
Double Click: Reset view to default position