Cavendish Experiment Simulation - Interactive Physics Laboratory
Welcome to our interactive Cavendish Experiment Simulation! This advanced physics simulation allows you to recreate Henry Cavendish's groundbreaking 1798 experiment that first measured the gravitational constant (G) and effectively "weighed the Earth." Our Cavendish experiment simulation brings this historic physics discovery to life with real-time calculations and visual demonstrations.
This educational tool is perfect for physics students, educators, and anyone curious about gravitational physics. Experience how tiny gravitational forces between masses can be measured using a sensitive torsion balance, just as Cavendish did over 200 years ago.
Understanding the Cavendish Experiment
Historical Background
Henry Cavendish's experiment was revolutionary because it was the first to measure the force of gravity between masses in a laboratory setting. Using an incredibly sensitive torsion balance, Cavendish could detect the minute gravitational attraction between lead spheres, allowing him to calculate the universal gravitational constant G.
Physics Behind the Simulation
Our Cavendish experiment simulation is based on Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation:
F = G × (M₁ × M₂) / r²
Where:
- F = Gravitational force between the masses
- G = Universal gravitational constant (6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N⋅m²/kg²)
- M₁, M₂ = Masses of the interacting objects
- r = Distance between the centers of the masses
How the Torsion Balance Works
The key to Cavendish's success was the torsion balance - a horizontal bar suspended by a thin wire. When large masses are brought near the small masses on the bar, gravitational attraction causes the bar to rotate slightly. This rotation is amplified by a mirror and light beam system, making tiny movements measurable.
Interactive Cavendish Experiment Simulation
Adjust the parameters below and observe how they affect the gravitational force and the resulting angular deflection. Click Start to begin the simulation and calculate the gravitational constant G.
Running Cavendish Experiment Simulation...
Adjust the parameters above and click Start to begin the Cavendish experiment simulation and calculate the gravitational constant G.
This simulation demonstrates how Henry Cavendish measured the gravitational constant using a torsion balance in 1798.
