Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
Thermodynamic Cycle Visualization
This enhanced diagram illustrates the thermodynamic cycle of refrigeration systems. The working substance extracts heat Q₂ (400J) from the cold reservoir, external work W (100J) is performed on the system, and heat Q₁ (500J) is rejected to the hot reservoir. The coefficient of performance (α) for this example is 4.0.
Coefficient of Performance (α) = Q₂/W = 400J/100J = 4.0
Refrigerator Operation
Designed to maintain a space at low temperature by continuously removing heat from it.
Q₁ = Q₂ + W (First Law of Thermodynamics)
Heat Pump Operation
Uses the same cycle to transfer heat into a space for heating purposes.
Heating COP = Q₁/W = 500J/100J = 5.0
More efficient than resistive heating (COP=1.0)
