Physics Explanation

This simulation demonstrates the continuity equation and Bernoulli's principle in fluid dynamics:

A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ (Continuity Equation)

Where the cross-sectional area (A) decreases, the velocity (v) must increase to maintain constant flow rate.

P + ½ρv² = constant (Bernoulli's Principle)

As velocity increases in the constriction, the pressure decreases. The colored indicators show relative pressure (red = high, blue = low).

Note: Figure (a) from the question is incorrect because it shows equal flow velocity before and after the constriction, which violates the continuity equation.