Explanation of Sound Wave Concepts

a. Displacement node vs pressure antinode: In a sound wave, a displacement node (where particles don't move) is a point of maximum pressure variation (antinode), and vice versa.

b. Bats' navigation: Bats emit ultrasonic waves that reflect off obstacles, allowing them to determine distance, direction, and size without vision.

c. Timbre distinction: Different instruments produce unique overtone patterns, allowing us to distinguish them even at the same frequency.

d. Wave propagation: Solids support both longitudinal and transverse waves due to their rigidity, while gases only support longitudinal waves.

e. Pulse distortion: In dispersive media, different frequency components travel at different speeds, distorting the pulse shape.